Analysis of the income gap of cocoa producing households in ghana 11092018 7 2. A presentation of a business plan to the ghana cocoa board for license. A presentation of a business plan to the ghana cocoa. Projections showed that the output of cocoa in ghana was to grow from 496,846 to 1,000,000 mt by 20102011 cocoa season cocobod, 2007.
The results suggest that total cocoa production and export in ghana both witnessed an average yearover year increase of 5. S department of labor was conducted by norc at the university of chicago in these two countries and found that 1. It has been estimated that in 20102011 ghanas expor. Cocoa makes up a larger production supply than all other crops 3 the cocoa industry is the source of income and livelihood for about 25 percent of ghana s population 1 4 the cocoa sector receives vast government support the cocoa sector is ghana s economic backbone. In recent times, matters involving cocoa production have not been so pleasant for industry players both farmers and processors thus adversely affecting fortunes of the oncevibrant and lucrative sector. Cacao is a fastgrowing tropical forest plant, capable of being cultivated in association with other trees, and providing additional goods like timber and firewood, fruits, construction materials. Mar 16, 2021 in 20192020, ghana is estimated to have produced about 800 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 812 thousand tons in 20182019. In ghana, which accounts for the second largest cocoa production in the world icco 2012, a veritable competition for sourcing with certified cocoa has emerged. Saea 2018 adoption of environmentally friendly cocoa production in ghana. Resistance of the ghanaian government to fully liberalise its cocoa sector has enabled ghana to retain chocolate production capabilities, and a. Since then the ecological system of the cocoa plant, people involved in its management and their profit motives have been interwoven. Assessing progress in reducing child labor in cocoa.
Regionally, the cocoa enterprise attains the most importance in the western region were it. Ghanas free distribution of inputs to cocoa farmers and thus, some of the. This will necessitate cocoa becoming sustainable product in a way that is mindful of the environment, provides the farmer the best income and takes care of the community, and also satisfies the requirement of the international market. In 20192020, ghana is estimated to have produced about 800 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 812 thousand tons in 20182019. Cocoa in ghana s economy most of worlds cocoa is grown in developing countries more than half in west africa essentially for export, and largely by smallholders. It also discusses these farmers integration into world cocoa markets. The transfer rate was set at 1 ghana cedi for every 10,000 cedis. The typical ghanaian cocoa producer earns his livelihood on a diversified family farm with the revenues from the cocoa enterprise accounting for about 55% of the household revenues. Conventional cocoa production systems often planted with local landraces and to some.
Ghana and cote divoire taste success in raising price of cocoa. Potential for upgrading in financialised agrifood chains. Cocoa beans exported from ghana attract a substantial quality premium compared with cocoa from other countries. Notwithstanding the disincentives, production has increased in most years due to high. Though there are a lot of training materials available to train the ghanaian small holder cocoa farmers, some of the. Cocoa plant, people and profit in ghana intechopen. A comparative analysis of cocoa production in ghana and nigeria was carried out to determine the importance of government policy. That means ghana is producing 19% of the world cocoa, and for now, ghana is up as the secondlargest producer of cocoa, after production fell in indonesia a few years ago.
New initiatives have emerged, including commitments by cocoa importers and chocolate manufacturers to purchase sustainably certified cocoa. Cocoa supply chain in ghana the cocoa supply chain in ghana like most others the world over starts with small holder farmers who are directly involved in the cocoa beans production, cocobod, 2014. Living income benchmark study the living income report, rural ghana, cocoa growing areas of ashanti, central, eastern, and western regions 2 has been released in draft form under the authorship of. Introduction cocoa technology could be defined as the total stock of knowledge including traditional skills necessary for cocoa production, processing and marketing laryea, 1981. Pdf cocoa theobroma cacao lineus has remained a valuable crop and. Key inputs and advice on the west african cocoa sector were provided by. Cocoa international institute for sustainable development. Article information, pdf download for child labor in ghana cocoa production. Environmental baseline report on cocoa in ghana summary overview. Domestic cocoa bean consumption at about 10,000 mt per year is small compared to total production. Increasing income of ghanaian cocoa farmers wealth forum online. An original cocoa research institute of ghana book edition, published for the first time anywhere. The beans are then collected and bagged by licensed buying companies lbc. Environmental baseline report on cocoa in ghana summary overview the objective of this baseline study is to assess the current status and patterns of cocoa farming in ghana, particularly in regard to its environmental impacts.
New initiatives have emerged, including commitments by cocoa importers and chocolate manufacturers to purchase sustainably certified cocoa and to provide services to producers. Like other west african countries, cocoa production in ghana is predominantly done by smallholder producers. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. Soon after that the country became the worlds leading producer of cocoa. During the 201819 cocoa growing season, research commissioned by the u. The share farmers received from the net free on board f. Assessing progress in reducing child labor in cocoa production in cocoa growing areas of cote divoire and ghana. The reasons for this huge production increase are varied and in fact ghana s cocoa yields per hectare.
Approximately 90% of the production are exported in the form of beans or semimanufactured cocoa products. Three countries are exporting large volumes of cocoa beans or products. While land tenure is not viewed as a major obstacle to cocoa farming, farmers. Annual production among the sample producers was slightly under one tonne. Concerns about declining output and export of cocoa in ghana has prompted the necessity of this study. Pdf an empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. In the early part before and after the independence in nigeria, nigeria was solely dependent on agricultural output such as cocoa as means of foreign exchange and income for the. Business plan sample free download as powerpoint presentation.
Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. Well, my search indicates that cote divoire currently produces 46% of the worlds cocoa. These include increases in farm gate prices, introduction of free pest. Analysis of the income gap of cocoa producing households in ghana. Economic cacao cultivars are grown for the production of dried beans, which are the source of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter, cocoa cake and cocoa powder. Most west african cocoa comes from small family farms under five acres in size, and in ghana and cote divoire, 90 percent of cocoa farmers are reliant on the crop for their livelihood. In spite of these improvements observed, there is potential for further improvement and this can be achieved through government support to the subsector. The aim of the study was to examine the factors that make up sustainable production for cocoa farmers in ghana, focusing on the socioeconomic. These quality premiums partly explain the high revenue ghana earns from cocoa, amounting to about 30% of ghana s total export revenue and about 4% of gdp.
But ghana cocoa board cocobod, despite the covid19 pandemic. In some countries, companies that purchase cocoa in bulk are, in fact, prohibited from purchasing cocoa directly from farmers. Cce certification capacity enhancement sustainable cocoa. Cote divoire and ghana, together, produce nearly 60% of the worlds cocoa each year. Quality control along the primary processing chain of.
The cocoa research institute of ghana crig was established to investigate into problems militating against. The worlds largest cocoa irrigation system is ivory coast, ghana is the second largest exporter of cocoa in the world. In the year 20082009, ghana produced 662,000 tones of cocoa beans, equal to 19 % of world cocoa bean production. The vast majority of cocoa farms are not owned by the companies that make chocolate products or supply cocoa. Sep 11, 2020 yearly production in tonnage nosedived from about 300,000 metric tonnes in 202014 to 245,000 metric tonnes in 20192020 season. Cocoa sector in ghana was the creation of local farmers and their families who cultivated a new cash crop to respond to global demand for cocoa. Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20. Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential. The reform of ghana s cocoa sector is the subject of.
The cocoa plant ecosystem in ghana has been performing well under variable soil and. Cocoa production is carried out in about six out of the ten regions in the country namely the volta region, central region, brongahafo region, eastern region, ashanti region, and the western region which supply about fifty 50 percent of the annual production anim kwapong and frimpong, 2005. The study is expected to provide food for thought and input for strategic decisionmaking. This has gradually led to the fragmentation of forest landscapes, loss of wildlife corridors and forest con. Lucy twumwaah from the ghana statistical service and her entire team provided data support and local knowledge building up to and throughout the data collection. Mar 15, 2012 post forecasts ghana s cocoa bean production in my 201112 at 1. Aug 01, 2018 cocoa production assumed commercial dimension by the beginning of the nineteenth century in ghana. Ghana is not only the second largest producer of cocoa in the world. The cocoa industry in ghana is regulated by a government institute called cocobod. Cocoa pods fruit for sale along the road outside of santo domingo, ecuador. The market has doubled from 3% in 2009 to 6% in 2010 kpmg 2012.
Pdf mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa. Ghana s cocoa production grew an average of 16% between 200003. Feb 18, 2015 ivory coast, ghana, and indonesia in production output. Quality control along the primary processing chain of cocoa. Sustainable production of cocoa has become an increasingly important driver for the development of the cocoa sector in west africa. Nigerias cocoa production falls as ghana, cote divoire. Information efficiency and the cocoa supply chain in ghana. Bitter about conspiracy to undermine farmers by cocoa. It also discusses these farmers integration into world cocoa markets, highlighting some critical issues they face. Analysis of the income gap of cocoa producing households.
Presently, there are 36 active lbcs at the upcountry directly engaged in. Proposal for enabling investment in cocoa processing plants. Adoption of some cocoa production technologies by cocoa. Wales for transfer to the milk processing plant and then onwards to its. For sustainable production of cocoa it is the view of the cocoa health and extension division ched of the cocobod to have highly trained and motivated human resource to facilitate the processes, which can lead to increased and sustained cocoa production. In 201011, ghana cocoa exports reached a record high of 1,004,000 mt, which is 35. The major causes of low yield are a high incidence of pests and. Estimating the opportunity cost of shaded cocoa production is important to. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security. It has been estimated that in 20102011 ghanas exports of cocoa. Economic incentives necessary for adoption of environmentally.
The platform will consist of long term facilitated dialogues for stakeholders directly involved with the ghanaian cocoa supply chain. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. Shereen abbadi, bernardin senadza, maikel lieuwkie song and haile. Proposal for enabling investment in cocoa processing. Mar 16, 2021 this statistic shows the grindings of cocoa beans in ghana from 201220 to 20192020 and provides a forecast for 20202021.
Ghana s neighboring country, cote divoire, the largest world producer, produced 1,222,000 tons of cocoa beans in 20082009 icco, 2009. Cocoa production in ghana is the major economic activity for over 700,000 house holds, with. Verite human trafficking risk factors in cocoa production. Given the significance of ghana as the principal producer and exporter of cocoa and a major source of foreign earnings in the country, it is imperative to analyze the production and export. Cocoa sector in ghana was the creation of local farmers and their families who cultivated a new cash crop to respond to global demand for cocoa beans. Cocoa farming families and communities face an increasing number of livelihood challenges, including low yields, pests, and lack of access to farming inputs. However, the number of local chocolate manufacturers is growing. The objective of this paper is to analyse the production and export of cocoa in ghana. Mar 16, 2016 cocoa production for that matter has always been a key driver of agricultures contribution to the socioeconomic development of ghana. There appears to be scope to improve the efficiency of the marketing board and service delivery, and. Decision support system for agrotechnology transfer. The ghana cocoa platform is an initiative aimed at enhancing publicprivate dialogue and joint action planning to support the scale up of sustainable production in the sector. Olam cocoa is a founding member of cocoaaction and, in convening the cocoa sector to align complementary roles and responsibilities, leverage scale and efficiency through collaboration, and catalyse efforts to accelerate sustainability, we are a key participant in the focused work. Pdf economic analysis of cocoa production in ghana.
According to the international cocoa organization 2012, cocoa production from ghana in the 20092010 season accounted for about 17. Environmental baseline report on cocoa in ghana summary. Breisinger et al 2008 further estimated that cocoa is poised to remain ghana s most important cash crop and is expected to contribute about 44 percent of exports by 2015. Cocoa production in nigeria is done in the south west of the country especially in ondo state and some are seen in the south south zone especially in akwaibom state. A number of earlier studies have reported average cocoa yields in ghana, which typically range between 400 and 530 kgha table 10. Ghanas cocoa production of cocoa bean processing in ghana in the 20th.
Current production level is approximately 700,000 metric tons. This makes ghana the second largest cocoa bean producer in the world. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Sep 08, 2020 the problem is that africas cocoa producing countries capture just 3% of global chocolate industry revenue, according to figures from the international cocoa organization icco. Pdf challenges facing cocoa production in ghana meshach.
Ghana is in a good position to profile itself as world leading in sustainable, high quality cocoa. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana. However, most of us do not know how much of that 65% is ghana s portion. This study focuses on the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Ghana is the second largest producer in the world fao stat, and cocoa provides significant economic benefits that include jobs, improved livelihoods and.
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